Over the last several decades, the modality for governing the public sector has undergone radical changes. This has been particularly true for the Western industrial democracies where globalization, which principally triggered such change, has gone way ahead than anywhere else in the world. In the past, governing the public is carried out predominantly through the “hierarchical government bureaucracy” model. This has been replaced with “governing by network” in which government executives redefine their core responsibilities from managing people and programs to coordinating resources for producing public value.
With the new paradigm, public services are delivered via various modalities but where efficiency and effectiveness are a common theme. Hence, some services are delivered through outsourced providers; some through the private sector or entrepreneurial bureaucracies under market or quasi market environment. This generally implies that conventional public administration is being replaced by public management. In effect, government agencies today are becoming less and less important as service providers/producers but more and more important as levers or facilitators of public value.
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